In 2016, Ferri et al. [88] obtained a sensitivity of 93.6% and specificity of 95% for the combination of CA19-9, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and albumin, surpassing the diagnostic value of CA19-9 alone to differentiate between PC and chronic pancreatitis. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and pachyonychia congenita.