SPP1 and neoplasm: A recent study of plasma samples from 221 patients with resectable PC and 182 healthy controls tested combinations of genomic and proteomic biomarkers [95]; the authors reported sensitivity of >60% and specificity of ∼100% for early PC detection using a combination of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) (mutations in KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KRAS]), with protein biomarkers (CA19-9, CEA, hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], and osteopontin [OPN]).