EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Afatinib was shown to be superior to chemotherapy, pemetrexate and cisplatin as the first line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations, but it was disappointing that the drug was unable to improve OS compared with placebo, in a population of patients with prior exposure to reversible EGFR TKIs, despite the evidence of significant clinical activity such as superior response rates, time to progression as compared to placebo [17].