This could also explain the negative regulation of cellular metabolism found in the reprogrammed tumours, such as downregulated expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism (TPI1, ENO1, ENO2, GALM, GPI, GAPDH, PFKP, PGM1, PDHB, PKM2), oxidative phosphorylation (ATP5D, UQCRC1, NDUFB9, NDUFV1, NDUFS8) and DNA metabolism (NANS, UGDH, AMDHD2, MPI, TK1) in AOE-treated tumours. This evidence concerns the gene GAPDH and neoplasm.