CCL2 and cancer: Since NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of a large number of genes including those involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, we assessed transcript levels of many established or tentative NF-κB target genes thought to be involved in cancer such as MMP1 [9], MMP9 [31], BCL2 [32], BCL6 [33], COX2 [34], c-Myc [35], CCL2 [36] and CXCL1 [37], among which CXCL1 and MMP9 transcripts were elevated by 2.9- and 2.8-fold, respectively, in UEV1A-overexpression cells, but not in UEV1C or MMS2 overexpression cells (Figure 5A).