RNF38 and Cachexia: Interestingly, several identified genes (among them potential target genes for the aforementioned miRNAs) are also related to amino acid metabolism and protein ubiquitination and proteasome pathways (rnf6, cand2, ube2b, rnf138, rnf19b, rnf38, ube2l6, birc3, rnf114, mib1, trim36, and rnf4) which are closely related to the protein degradation during muscle atrophy in cachexia, and HMB is known to inhibit this process in humans and animals [2, 5, 6].