CSF2 and neoplasm: The whole tumor cells that were tried for the treatment of ovarian cancer were autologous tumor cells electroporated with FANG vector, i.e., gemogenovatucel-T (FANG vaccine), plasmid-encoded granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF; a potent stimulator of DC maturation), and a bi-shRNA targeting furin convertase, thereby downregulating TGF-β1 and -β2 endogenous immunosuppressive growth factors (130).