Our results indicated macroscopic evidence of thrombosis and hemorrhaging at the site of the subcutaneously implanted PC3 tumor xenografts treated with tCoa-NGR fusion protein, while no thrombotic changes were detected in the tumor xenografts of mice that were treated with tCoa (Fig. 5a), suggesting that tCoa-NGR effectively mediated selective blood coagulation in the tumor vasculature. Here, RTN4R is linked to neoplasm.