CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Given that the adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages as well as the upregulation of CCL2 enhance beta cell survival in NOD mice34,35 and that the autologous transfer of Tregs improves islet survival and function in T1DM patients36, the immune changes we observed converge to demonstrate that BL001 significantly inhibits the aggressive autoimmune process favoring tolerance, which presumably contributes to its beneficial effects.