The aqueous and organic (ethanol:isopropanol:butanol) fractions (obtained from an ethanolic bark extract) of S. adstringens reduced the accumulation of neutrophils in the joint cavity of rats with arthritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but this effect was not mediated by a decrease in C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), the major chemokine recruiter of neutrophils [64]. The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is Arthritis.