First, although we have adjusted for covariates such as age, sex, income levels, and comorbidities, we were unable to control for information not recorded in the NHIRD, such as serum IgE and specific IgE levels, eosinophil counts, levels of albumin, triglyceride, urine protein, urine creatinine, infection pathogens, or genetic factors. Here, ALB is linked to infection.