PPARA and diabetes mellitus: We found that exendin‐4 inhibited abnormal activation of the (PPARα)‐CD36 pathway by stimulating protein kinase A (PKA) but suppressing the Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway in DM hearts, palmitic acid (PA)‐treated rat h9c2 cardiomyocytes (CMs), and isolated adult mouse CMs.