The kinases involved in the fusion genes have been noted in other cancers, including BRAF (papillary thyroid cancer, cutaneous melanoma, and adenocarcinoma of the rectum), NTRK3 (thyroid, melanoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and invasive breast cancer), FGFR1 (adenocarcinoma of the lung and breast cancer), MAP3K14 (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and ovarian cancer), ROS1 and ALK (adenocarcinoma of the lung). Here, BRAF is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.