It has been shown that negative regulators of the non-canonical pathway are frequently deleted or mutated in MM, including members of the TRAF-cIAP complex: TRAF2, TRAF3, BIRC2 (cIAP1), and BIRC3 (cIAP2) [13, 30, 31]. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC3 and Miyoshi myopathy.