SQSTM1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: For ALS samples, relative to controls, there was a 4.21 fold increase (expression standard error of the mean (SEM) of 0.54) (P = < 0.0001) in SQSTM1 and 1.67 fold increase in TARDBP (SEM = 0.31) (P = 0.0128).