KRAS and carcinoma: The mutation of both APC and KRAS yelded microadenomas in both the cecum and proximal colon, which progressed to macroadenomas; aggressive carcinomas, endowed with some metastatic capacity into lymph nodes, developed in response to the combined induction of mutations of four driver oncogenic genes, including APC, KRAS, TP53 and SMAD4 [285].