LS (also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited syndrome caused by germline mutation in one of the mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 or the EPCAM gene (Figure 3) [77]. The gene discussed is PMS2; the disease is hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.