AGER and Sepsis: By acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), HMGB1 binds with high affinity to several receptors, such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor- (TLR-) 2, TLR-4, and TLR-9, mediating the immune response to necrosis and immune cell invasion to trauma, pathogens, and sepsis [21].