NKG2D-mediated “induced-self” recognition is facilitated by various MHC class I-related cell surface glycoproteins, which usually are not or barely expressed on “healthy” cells but are strongly upregulated at the cell surface upon cellular stress, exposure to PAMPs, viral infection, or malignant transformation, thereby promoting cytolysis of “harmful” cells through engagement of NKG2D (1, 4, 10). The gene discussed is KLRK1; the disease is viral infectious disease.