TGFB1 and renal carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 2a, elevated CpG methylation levels of RUNX3 and TGF-β were detected in metastatic cancer tissues by qMSP, while reduced global DNA methylation levels of RUNX3 and TGF-β were observed compared with primary renal cancer tissues by quantitative methylation real-time PCR (Fig. 2b).