CSF3 and ischemia: When using CMR and SPECT to precisely evaluate the ischemic regions, we found that all three dosages of G-CSF could prevent ischemia and infarct development, but middle-dose (5 μg/kg/d) mobilization could shrink the size of the infarcted or ischemic myocardium best (Fig. 1C1 and C2, Supplementary Figure S4), as well as significantly enhance myocardial viability (Fig. 1D).