Of the other genes previously reported in PAH we identified deleterious heterozygous rare variants in ACVRL1 (9 cases, 0.9%), ENG (6 cases, 0.6%), SMAD9 (4 cases, 0.4%), KCNK3 (4 cases, 0.4%), and TBX4 (14 cases, 1.3%). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD9 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.