TLR7 and lupus nephritis: In murine and human lupus nephritis plasmacytoid dendritic cells type recognize ssRNA, CpG DNA from bacteria and viruses as well as altered eucaryotic nucleic acids via TLR7 and − 9 [119], which induces the release of type I interferons and foster local and systemic immune responses via enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules [116, 119].