Although single vaccination-like doses of the TLR3 ligand polyI:C RNA do not exacerbate autoimmunity in MRL/lpr or FcγR2b−/− mice with SLE-like autoimmunity, repetitive doses of polyI:C RNA do aggravate kidney disease in MRL/lpr mice but independently from B cell-driven immune complex disease [21, 22]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.