The results showed that the expression of both of the M1 markers iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the M2 markers YM1, IL-10 and TGF-β was reduced obviously in kidney macrophages from the RBP-J cKO mice during renal fibrosis (Fig. 3E and 3F), indicating that macrophages activation was attenuated in the fibrotic kidney of macrophage-specific RBP-J deficient mice. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.