VCAM1 and inflammatory response: These immune cells, in the presence of cytokines and inflammatory stimulants, can lead to vascular inflammation, and transform into monocyte-derived macrophages accumulating in the subendothelial space and progression of atherosclerosis [3, 6–9] through stimulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin) [8, 9].