HOXA9 and glioma: Of note, the roles of HOXA9 in glioma and in breast cancer are very distinct: while in the first it displays a variety of oncogenic functions, associated with tumor aggressiveness, higher grades of malignancy, tumor implantation in in vivo models, therapy resistance and shorter survival of patients [26, 38–40], in breast cancer HOXA9 is a tumor suppressor gene whose expression is frequently lost, leading to cell growth, survival, invasiveness and changes in morphogenesis [41].