BRAF and melanoma: Because of nivolumab’s higher efficacy than other anti-melanoma drugs (e.g., ipilimumab and dacarbazine) [1, 21], and because it induces a longer duration of anti-tumor response than BRAF/MEK inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib) [22, 23], oncologists have been particularly interested in combining nivolumab with agents that enhance the anti-tumor immune response in patients with metastatic melanoma [3, 8, 24, 25].