This includes hepatic macrophage accumulation that was associated with cholestasis and increased levels of phytosterols, increased hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression (IL1B, IL6, TNF) in conjunction with suppression of hepatic sterol transporters (ABCG5/8), and increased circulating plant sterol concentrations which coincided with suppression of canalicular bile acid transporters (ABCB11; BSEP) and cholestasis. Here, TNF is linked to cholestasis.