ACTB and Reduced sperm motility: Genes including tektin-2 (TEKT2) [5], dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5), DNAH11 [6], heat shock protein-70 [7], peroxiredoxin-6 [8], protamine 2 [9] and proteins including vesicle associated membrane protein 4 [10], outer dense fiber protein (ODF) [11], a-kinase anchoring protein 4 [12], calcium and integrin binding 1 [13], actin beta (ACTB) have been found to be associated with low-motility sperm (asthenospermia) in mice, swine, humans and cattle.