In a 2011 phase II clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of intracoronary CD34+ cells for myocardial ischemia, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used to mobilize CD34+ cells from the bone marrow to peripheral blood where they could then be extracted/separated from the patient sample [43]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is myocardial ischemia.