CCL2 and atherosclerosis: In the present study, we showed that two-month exposure to high-dose CS significantly increased the plaque size in the aortic arch of ApoE KO mice, and significantly upregulated the expression of various markers of atherosclerosis, such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP1, p22phox, and gp91phox in mice, indicating that exposure to high-dose CS aggravated the atherosclerotic process.