Curcumin (500 mg twice per day) and piperine (5 mg added to 500 mg of curcumin), improved oral curcumin bioavailability, and after eight weeks, were able to reduce serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1, increased adiponectin, and reduced leptin levels between group-comparison in a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial in both men and women diagnosed with MetS (n = 59) [60,61]. Here, LEP is linked to metabolic syndrome.