TOR1A and Parkinson disease: For example, although TOR1A has been initially reported to suppress the aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease [10], a more recent study has failed to detect any protective effect of torsin 1A in relation to α-synuclein, including both its aggregation and toxicity [17], thus suggesting that many more studies are needed to unequivocally demonstrate that TOR1A is indeed an effective chaperone protein in relation to any specific aggregating peptide.