In AKI patients, levels of creatinine (Cre), urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly increased compared with those of controls. Here, MPO is linked to acute kidney injury.