These findings have led to the refinement of the amyloid cascade hypothesis and to the formulation of several new hypotheses, including the mitochondrial cascade and oxidative stress hypotheses, which place AD in the context of a free radical theory of aging [28–31], and the dual pathway hypothesis, which proposes the existence of common upstream drivers that cause amyloid and tau pathologies [32]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.