HMGB1 and neoplasm: Necrosis begins with cell swelling, resulting in cell membrane rupture and release of cellular cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is a nonhistone nuclear protein that regulates gene expression and nucleosome stability and acts as a proinflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine when released by necrotic cells [14–18].