Consistent with other studies, during acute infection stage, the percentages of CD38 and HLA-DR coexpression on CD4+ T cells was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell count (r = −0.34, p = 0.08, Figure 1C left) and positively correlated with pVL (r = 0.88, p = 0.03, Figure 1C middle). Here, CD38 is linked to infection.