For example, the oncoprotein gankyrin, which is a component of the 19S regulatory cap of the proteasome and is an anti-apoptotic factor, is over-expressed in some tumor cell types such as HCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma (Higashitsuji et al., 2000, 2005; Zhang J. et al., 2013). Here, PSMD10 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.