Arctigenin has also been reported to induce apoptosis in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2 and SMMC7721 by decreasing the mitochondrial outer membrane potential and enhancing Bax expression; however, arctigenin does not affect normal hepatic cells (Lu Z. et al., 2015). The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.