In the present study, we focused on effects of IFN-α on mRNA expression of both molecules in human monocyte-derived M2-like Mφ generated in vitro, because type I IFN and the related genes are upregulated in patients with LN, including the renal tissues as a so-called IFN signature [1, 3, 30]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and lobular neoplasia.