A series of up-regulated genes were enriched in the proteasome pathway, such as PSMA7, PSMB1 and PSMB3. The up-regulated genes SMAD3 was enriched in multiple pathways, such as cell cycle (hsa04110), pathways in cancer (hsa05200), and adherens junction (hsa04520) (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene PSMB1 and cancer.