Also, increased levels of parameters contributing to the prevention of kidney stone formation, such as nephrocalcin (which is produced in the human kidney and inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth), urinary prothrombin fragment 1 (UPTF1) (Gupta et al., 2011 ▶), THP, or uromodulin (linked to water/electrolyte balance), may be involved in the protective effects of this plant against urinary tract infections (Rampoldi et al., 2011 ▶). This evidence concerns the gene UMOD and nephrolithiasis.