Presence of opportunistic infection, use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy and CD4 count < 200 cells/μl were associated with an increased risk of anemia in the multivariate analysis with OR 5.72(IC 95% 2.05-15.97; p = 0.001), OR 1.65(IC 95% 1.02-2.67; p = 0.040) and OR 3.34(IC 95% 1.57-7.1; p = 0.002) respectively (Table 8). Here, CD4 is linked to anemia (phenotype).