Risk factors associated with increased risk of anemia were: Advanced WHO clinical stage OR 2.3(IC 95% 1.48-3.59; p = 0.000), presence of opportunistic infection OR 10.2(IC 95% 3.94-26.5; p = 0.000), lack of HAART OR 1.7(IC 95% 1.1-2.6; p = 0.021), use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy OR 1.99(IC 95% 1.29-3.05; p = 0.002), CD4 count < 200 cells/μl OR 6.1(IC 95% 3.1-12.1; p = 0.000), WBC count < 4000/μl OR 2.78(IC 95% 1.41-5.48; p = 0.004) and TLC < 800 cells/μl OR 17.5(IC 95% 2.3-132.98; p = 0.000). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is Opportunistic infection.