EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the tumors of patients with NSCLC of adenocarcinoma histology, three out of four of the known driver gene mutations are targetable with regulatory approved, specifically targeted treatments; these are: activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); activating translocations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); rearrangements of ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1); and the kinase activating mutation V600E in the BRAF oncogene [5–7].