MTOR and central nervous system cancer: TMZ could activate the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß pathway to induce glioma cell apoptosis via oncoprotein c-Myc (De Salvo et al., 2011) and exerted anti-tumor effects through the AKT-mTOR pathway in the GBM8901 glioma cell line (Chen et al., 2015).