It should also be noted that other hormonal changes during puberty could also affect lung function, including an increase in the degree of insulin resistance [30]—which itself is associated with increased risk of asthma in adults [31] and adolescent girls [32]—and elevations in stress hormones, including cortisol [33]—with such stress systems further associated with asthma risk [34]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is asthma.