INS and Insulin resistance: In both obese and non-obese subjects, metabolic health has been reported to result in higher insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels than metabolic unhealth.27–29 Furthermore, lower insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels were reported to be related with a higher 24-hour proteinuria level.30 A potential explanation that connects the association of the six phenotypes of metabolic health and obesity status with the risk of consecutive and persistent proteinuria might be in part related with insulin resistance and adiponectin, although we did not have these data.