In the clinical context, a “dichotomized risk score” combining baseline levels of circulating TGF-β1 and another immunosuppressive cytokine viz. IL-10, but not TGF-β1 alone, was predictive of decreased progression-free survival in ipilimumab-treated patients with advanced melanoma (HR = 2.66; P = 0.035) (38). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and melanoma.