All transfected cells except “mock” were followed by induction of the IFN-β promoter, either with Newcastle disease virus-infection (MOI = 3) (Hayman et al., 2006; Shelton et al., 2012) or treatment with recombinant human TNF-α (50 ng/ml) (Osterlund et al., 2005). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.