We have also reported that both GM-CSF-driven inflammatory pain and arthritis models (using exogenous GM-CSF) [17, 18], and GM-CSF-dependent inflammatory pain and arthritis models (e.g. zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA)) are dependent on IRF4 and CCL17 [18], and on TNF [20]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is arthritic joint disease.