TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the Caucasian population, chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72, MIM: 614260) repeat expansions are the most common genetic cause of ALS; in China, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1, MIM: 147450), fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS, MIM: 137070), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, MIM: 605078) are the main causative genes among ALS patients [2, 3].