Recently, losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist that downregulates the expression of TGFβ type 1 and 2 receptors, has been applied to patients with CED.[10,11] It was found to be effective in eliminating incapacitating pain, and in improving muscle strength and lean body mass without obvious adverse effects. Here, AGTR1 is linked to cranioectodermal dysplasia.