INS and chronic kidney disease: Fasting insulin level is significantly higher in CKD group compared to normal control (38 ± 15.55 vs. 18 ± 1.07 mU/L in CKD vs. control respectively, p < .001) in spite of absence of significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the two groups (90 ± 5.36 vs. 90 ± 4.73 mg/dL in CKD vs. control, respectively, p > .05).