As seen in the present study, the c2 allele was associated with low AAT as well as high urea in the SCA-HU+ patients suggesting that the variant allele can be associated with the initiation of renal dysfunction since a recent study performed by Maicas et al. showed that the treatment with human AAT in the murine model improved acute renal dysfunction reducing significantly urea levels, which demonstrate the role of AAT in kidney disease [51]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and kidney disorder.